A alternative wheel and inflated rubber element designed for momentary use within the occasion of a flat or broken unique gear tire on a particular sport utility automobile mannequin. It offers mobility when a regular tire is compromised, permitting the automobile to achieve a restore facility. Usually, it’s saved in a delegated space inside or beneath the automobile.
This ingredient is essential for sustaining automobile operability throughout unexpected tire failures, enhancing security and minimizing roadside delays. Traditionally, such elements have been full-sized, matching the unique tires. Fashionable automobiles typically make the most of smaller, momentary variations to scale back weight and enhance gas effectivity, although full-sized choices stay out there for sure functions. The inclusion of this half permits drivers to handle tire points promptly, mitigating potential hazards and facilitating well timed repairs.
The next sections will elaborate on the storage options, alternative procedures, sorts of out there choices, and upkeep ideas associated to this significant automotive element, making certain automobile homeowners are well-informed concerning its correct dealing with and utilization.
1. Location
The situation of the alternative wheel meeting inside a Toyota RAV4 is a basic side impacting accessibility, comfort, and general automobile design. Variations in placement exist throughout totally different mannequin years and trim ranges.
-
Underneath-Car Mounting
Sure RAV4 fashions retailer the element beneath the cargo space, usually accessible through a cable decreasing mechanism. This placement maximizes inside cargo area. Nonetheless, it may be vulnerable to corrosion from highway particles and climate publicity. Accessing this location might require maneuvering in doubtlessly hazardous roadside circumstances.
-
Inside Cargo Space Storage
Some fashions, significantly earlier generations, home the unit inside the cargo space itself. This offers enhanced safety from the weather and simpler entry, but it surely reduces out there cargo capability. This placement additionally requires securing the unit to forestall motion throughout automobile operation.
-
Rear Door Mounting
Particular RAV4 configurations characteristic the unit mounted externally on the rear door. This design permits for max inside area utilization and offers comparatively quick access. This exterior mounting will increase the automobile’s general size and should influence rear visibility. The added weight on the rear door necessitates sturdy hinges and latching mechanisms.
-
Influence on Accessibility
The situation dictates the convenience and velocity with which a driver can entry the alternative element in an emergency. Underneath-vehicle areas could also be harder to entry in inclement climate or on uneven terrain. Inside areas provide larger comfort however compromise cargo area. The optimum location balances accessibility, safety, and area effectivity.
The location of this very important element is a important design consideration, influencing usability, automobile dimensions, and general practicality. Understanding the precise location in any given RAV4 mannequin is crucial for environment friendly and secure tire alternative procedures.
2. Inflation Strain
Sustaining correct inflation stress within the Toyota RAV4 alternative tire is paramount for security, efficiency, and longevity. Deviations from the really useful stress can compromise automobile dealing with, tire sturdiness, and general security. Understanding the nuances of inflation stress is essential for accountable automobile possession.
-
Optimum Strain Suggestions
Toyota specifies a really useful inflation stress, usually greater than commonplace tires, discovered on a placard positioned on the driving force’s facet doorjamb or within the proprietor’s handbook. Adhering to this specification ensures correct load-carrying capability and dealing with traits. Underneath-inflation can result in overheating and potential tire failure, whereas over-inflation may end up in a harsh journey and lowered traction.
-
Short-term Tire Concerns
Short-term items, typically smaller and lighter than commonplace tires, require considerably greater inflation pressures, typically exceeding 60 PSI. This excessive stress is critical to take care of the tire’s structural integrity and load-bearing functionality throughout momentary use. Failure to inflate to the really useful stress may end up in tire injury and unsafe driving circumstances.
-
Environmental Elements
Ambient temperature impacts tire stress. Colder temperatures trigger stress to lower, whereas hotter temperatures trigger it to extend. Common monitoring and adjustment of inflation stress are essential to compensate for these fluctuations. Checking stress throughout seasonal modifications is very vital.
-
Monitoring and Upkeep
Often checking inflation stress with a dependable gauge is crucial. Many RAV4 fashions are geared up with a tire stress monitoring system (TPMS) that alerts the driving force to vital stress drops. Nonetheless, relying solely on TPMS will not be adequate; handbook checks needs to be carried out at the least month-to-month and earlier than lengthy journeys.
Correct inflation stress will not be merely a upkeep job however a important security measure. By understanding the precise necessities of the alternative wheel meeting and diligently monitoring and adjusting stress as wanted, drivers can maximize its utility and guarantee secure automobile operation in emergency conditions.
3. Measurement Compatibility
The dimensional correspondence between the alternative wheel and tire meeting and the unique gear tires on a Toyota RAV4 constitutes a important security and efficiency parameter. Incorrect sizing instantly impacts automobile dealing with, braking efficiency, and the performance of security programs corresponding to anti-lock brakes and digital stability management. Utilizing an incompatible unit may cause untimely put on on drivetrain elements, compromise journey high quality, and even create hazardous driving circumstances. For instance, a considerably smaller diameter tire will rotate at the next fee than the others, doubtlessly damaging the differential, particularly in all-wheel-drive fashions.
Measurement compatibility encompasses a number of key measurements: general diameter, width, and wheel mounting specs (bolt sample and offset). Deviations in diameter have an effect on speedometer accuracy and shift factors in automated transmissions. Variations in width can result in rubbing towards suspension elements or the automobile’s physique. Incorrect bolt patterns or offsets forestall correct wheel mounting, creating an unsafe situation. RAV4 homeowners should seek the advice of the automobile’s proprietor’s handbook or a professional tire skilled to make sure that the alternative unit meets the producer’s specs. Utilizing on-line tire dimension calculators may also support in figuring out appropriate options, contemplating that slight variations in side ratio could also be acceptable whereas sustaining the identical general diameter.
In conclusion, dimension compatibility will not be merely a matter of aesthetics; it’s a necessary issue for making certain secure and dependable automobile operation. The ramifications of utilizing an incorrectly sized alternative meeting vary from minor inconveniences to catastrophic failures. Diligent adherence to the producer’s suggestions is paramount when choosing and putting in a alternative wheel and tire unit on a Toyota RAV4. This diligence contributes on to driver security and the longevity of the automobile’s mechanical programs.
4. Mounting {Hardware}
The dependable integration of the Toyota RAV4 alternative wheel and tire meeting hinges considerably on the integrity and proper utility of its mounting {hardware}. This {hardware}, encompassing lug nuts, studs (or bolts, relying on the automobile’s design), and doubtlessly a retaining mechanism for under-vehicle storage, offers the essential mechanical connection between the wheel and the automobile’s hub. Inadequate or broken mounting elements instantly compromise the wheel’s safe attachment, making a hazardous situation with the potential for wheel detachment throughout automobile operation. As an example, corroded or improperly torqued lug nuts can loosen over time because of vibration, resulting in catastrophic wheel separation, particularly throughout high-speed maneuvers or emergency braking.
The composition, dimensions, and torque specs of the mounting {hardware} are particularly engineered for the Toyota RAV4’s wheel design and load-bearing necessities. The usage of incorrect or non-OEM (Unique Tools Producer) {hardware} introduces a threat of incompatible thread engagement, improper clamping drive distribution, and eventual failure underneath stress. For instance, utilizing lug nuts with an incorrect seat angle can injury each the wheel and the hub, stopping a safe connection even when correctly torqued. Moreover, the torqueing process itself is important; under-torquing may end up in loosening, whereas over-torquing can stretch or break the studs, weakening the meeting. Correct torque is often specified within the proprietor’s handbook or a restore handbook and needs to be achieved utilizing a calibrated torque wrench.
In abstract, the mounting {hardware} represents a basic hyperlink within the secure and efficient deployment of the alternative wheel and tire unit. The choice, situation, and correct set up of this {hardware} are paramount for stopping wheel detachment and making certain automobile stability. Common inspection of the mounting elements for corrosion, injury, or put on is really useful, together with adherence to the producer’s torque specs throughout set up. Neglecting these features can rework a seemingly minor challenge into a serious security hazard, underscoring the significance of understanding and sustaining the integrity of the mounting {hardware}.
5. Situation Monitoring
Systematic analysis of the alternative wheel and tire meeting’s state over time is crucial for making certain its readiness and reliability in emergency conditions. Neglecting periodic evaluation can result in undetected degradation, rendering the unit unusable when wanted most. Situation monitoring encompasses a number of key features, from visible inspections to stress checks, and performs an important function in sustaining automobile security and preparedness.
-
Visible Inspection for Harm
A routine visible examination is essential for figuring out indicators of wear and tear, injury, or deterioration. Cracks within the sidewall, tread separation, and dry rot are frequent indicators of tire degradation. Equally, the wheel itself needs to be inspected for bends, cracks, or corrosion. Any of those circumstances can compromise the tire’s structural integrity and its means to carry out safely. For instance, a seemingly minor sidewall crack can quickly propagate underneath load, resulting in a sudden and harmful tire failure.
-
Strain Monitoring and Adjustment
Sustaining correct inflation stress is crucial, as mentioned beforehand, and common stress checks are a key element of situation monitoring. Strain loss over time is a pure phenomenon, and even a sluggish leak can render the unit unusable in an emergency. Monitoring stress at the least month-to-month, and adjusting as wanted, ensures that the tire is able to present optimum efficiency and load-carrying capability when deployed. Constant under-inflation accelerates tire put on and will increase the danger of failure.
-
Evaluation of Storage Setting
The circumstances underneath which the unit is saved considerably influence its longevity. Publicity to excessive temperatures, daylight, and corrosive parts can speed up degradation. Underneath-vehicle storage areas are significantly vulnerable to highway salt and moisture, resulting in rust and corrosion. Inside storage, whereas providing higher safety, can nonetheless be topic to temperature fluctuations. Common evaluation of the storage setting, and mitigating elements like protecting covers, contribute to sustaining the unit’s situation.
-
Verification of Mounting {Hardware}
As detailed beforehand, the integrity of the mounting {hardware} is paramount. Situation monitoring ought to embrace inspection of lug nuts, studs, and any retaining mechanisms for corrosion, injury, and correct performance. Rusted or broken {hardware} can compromise the safe attachment of the wheel, creating a major security hazard. Periodic cleansing and lubrication of the {hardware} can forestall corrosion and guarantee ease of use when wanted.
In abstract, situation monitoring of the Toyota RAV4’s alternative wheel and tire meeting will not be a one-time job however an ongoing duty. Common inspections, stress checks, evaluation of the storage setting, and verification of mounting {hardware} contribute considerably to making sure that the unit is able to carry out safely and reliably in an emergency. Neglecting these features can rework a worthwhile security characteristic right into a legal responsibility, underscoring the significance of proactive upkeep and situation monitoring.
6. Removing Course of
The disengagement of the alternative wheel and tire meeting from its designated storage location on a Toyota RAV4 constitutes a important first step in addressing a flat tire scenario. The elimination course of, various by mannequin 12 months and trim degree, instantly impacts the velocity and effectivity with which a driver can provoke tire alternative, influencing security and minimizing roadside delays. For instance, a RAV4 with the unit saved beneath the cargo space requires the usage of a particular wrench to decrease the tire through a cable mechanism. Conversely, a mannequin with inside storage necessitates bodily lifting the tire out of its compartment. Failure to know the precise elimination process for a given automobile may end up in frustration, wasted time, and doubtlessly harmful makes an attempt to drive or improperly manipulate the elements.
The elimination course of is inextricably linked to the design of the storage location and the securing mechanisms employed. Autos with under-vehicle storage typically incorporate safety features to discourage theft, requiring the usage of a specialised key or device to unlock the decreasing mechanism. These with rear door mounting necessitate unlatching and swinging open the tire service, a course of that calls for warning as a result of weight of the meeting and the potential for the automobile to be parked on an incline. Improper elimination can injury the storage mechanism, rendering it inoperable for future use. Moreover, neglecting to correctly safe the automobile and have interaction the parking brake earlier than initiating the elimination course of poses a major security threat. As an example, if the automobile rolls whereas the wheel is being eliminated, extreme harm and even fatality may result.
Understanding the precise elimination process for a Toyota RAV4’s alternative wheel and tire meeting will not be merely a matter of comfort; it’s a basic security requirement. Familiarizing oneself with the method, training it in a secure setting, and making certain that every one essential instruments and gear are available are important for preparedness. Efficiently and safely executing the elimination course of is the essential precursor to initiating the tire alternative, minimizing downtime and mitigating the potential hazards related to a flat tire scenario. Diligence on this side contributes considerably to driver security and peace of thoughts.
7. Set up Sequence
The systematic order of operations in the course of the re-attachment of the alternative wheel and tire meeting onto a Toyota RAV4 is a determinant of structural integrity and operational security. Deviation from the prescribed set up sequence can induce element stress, scale back the efficacy of fastening mechanisms, and improve the potential for wheel detachment, finally compromising automobile management.
-
Hub Floor Preparation
Previous to wheel mounting, the hub floor requires meticulous cleansing to get rid of corrosion, particles, or contaminants. Accumulation of international matter between the wheel and hub can impede correct seating, leading to uneven load distribution and potential loosening of the fastening {hardware}. A wire brush or applicable cleansing answer needs to be employed to make sure a clear, flush contact floor. Neglecting this step can result in vibrations and untimely put on of the wheel bearings.
-
Wheel Alignment and Mounting
Exact alignment of the wheel with the hub studs (or bolts) is important. Care have to be taken to keep away from cross-threading or damaging the studs throughout preliminary placement. The wheel needs to be fastidiously positioned to make sure full contact with the hub earlier than the lug nuts are engaged. Forcing the wheel onto the studs can injury the threads and weaken the connection. In some RAV4 fashions, the wheel have to be correctly oriented to accommodate brake calipers or TPMS sensors.
-
Lug Nut Tightening Process
Lug nuts needs to be tightened in a star sample (i.e., alternating opposing nuts) to make sure even stress distribution throughout the wheel floor. Tightening lug nuts sequentially may cause uneven clamping drive and warping of the wheel. Preliminary tightening needs to be completed by hand to make sure correct engagement. A torque wrench have to be used to realize the manufacturer-specified torque worth, stopping over-tightening (which might injury studs) or under-tightening (which might result in loosening).
-
Closing Torque Verification
After the preliminary tightening sequence, a remaining torque examine needs to be carried out after driving a brief distance (e.g., 50-100 miles). This permits the wheel and hub to seat correctly and ensures that the lug nuts haven’t loosened because of settling. This step is especially vital for alloy wheels, that are extra vulnerable to deformation underneath load. Failure to carry out a remaining torque verification will increase the danger of wheel detachment.
The adherence to a structured set up sequence, encompassing hub preparation, wheel alignment, lug nut tightening protocol, and torque verification, is crucial for sustaining the structural integrity of the wheel-to-hub connection. Constant utility of this sequence minimizes the danger of wheel detachment and ensures the secure operation of the Toyota RAV4, significantly when using the alternative wheel and tire meeting in emergency situations.
8. Short-term Utilization
The restricted operational lifespan of the wheel and tire meeting is a basic consideration governing its utility on a Toyota RAV4. The design and development of those items are explicitly meant for short-term use underneath particular circumstances, distinct from the efficiency traits of normal, full-sized tires. This inherent limitation necessitates a radical understanding of its implications for secure and efficient automobile operation.
-
Velocity Restrictions
Autos fitted with these items are usually subjected to stringent velocity limitations, typically capped at 50 mph (80 km/h). Exceeding this restrict can compromise tire integrity, rising the danger of tire failure or lack of automobile management. This restriction is as a result of tire’s lowered tread depth, smaller contact patch, and development supplies which are much less sturdy than these of a regular tire. A driver have to be cognizant of those limitations and regulate driving habits accordingly to make sure security.
-
Distance Limitations
The meant operational vary of a short lived wheel and tire is often restricted to a most distance, typically round 70 miles (110 kilometers). This limitation arises from the tire’s lowered load-carrying capability and susceptibility to overheating over prolonged distances. Extended use past the really useful mileage can result in accelerated put on and potential tire failure. As such, the unit needs to be changed with a regular tire as quickly as possible to keep away from exceeding its design parameters.
-
Dealing with Traits
The presence of a short lived wheel and tire alters the automobile’s dealing with dynamics, affecting braking efficiency, steering response, and general stability. The lowered traction and asymmetrical weight distribution could make the automobile extra vulnerable to skidding, significantly in moist or icy circumstances. Drivers should train elevated warning and scale back velocity to compensate for these altered dealing with traits. Emergency maneuvers needs to be prevented at any time when potential.
-
Tire Strain Sensitivity
Short-term items are exceptionally delicate to sustaining correct inflation stress, typically requiring considerably greater pressures than commonplace tires. Deviations from the really useful stress can exacerbate the dangers related to velocity and distance limitations, rising the chance of tire failure. Common monitoring and adjustment of inflation stress are essential for maximizing the unit’s lifespan and making certain secure operation. Underneath-inflation can result in overheating and structural injury, whereas over-inflation can scale back traction and journey consolation.
The idea of this wheel and tire meeting’s “momentary utilization” will not be merely a suggestion however a important security parameter. Adhering to the prescribed velocity and distance limitations, understanding the altered dealing with traits, and sustaining correct inflation stress are important for mitigating the dangers related to their deployment. Failure to look at these pointers can compromise automobile security and result in doubtlessly hazardous conditions, reinforcing the significance of immediate alternative with a regular tire.
9. Tire Kind
The categorization of the unit’s rubber element instantly influences its performance, efficiency, and lifespan inside the Toyota RAV4’s emergency gear provision. The “tire sort” designation, whether or not a full-size match, a short lived compact spare, or a run-flat design, dictates its load-carrying capability, velocity limitations, and general suitability for various driving circumstances. For instance, a RAV4 geared up with a full-size matching unit can maintain regular driving speeds and distances, minimizing disruption to journey plans after a tire failure. Conversely, a RAV4 using a short lived spare necessitates adherence to lowered velocity limits and restricted mileage, requiring immediate alternative with a regular tire to keep away from potential security dangers or automobile injury.
The sensible significance of understanding the “tire sort” lies in making knowledgeable selections concerning its correct utilization and upkeep. House owners of RAV4s with compact spares, as an illustration, have to be aware of the enforced velocity and distance restrictions, making certain compliance to forestall tire failure or compromised automobile dealing with. Failure to acknowledge these limitations can result in harmful driving circumstances, particularly throughout emergency maneuvers or prolonged journeys. Actual-life examples display that drivers exceeding the really useful velocity on a short lived unit can expertise tire blowouts, leading to lack of automobile management and potential accidents. Equally, neglecting to take care of correct inflation stress, which varies by tire sort, can speed up put on and improve the danger of sudden failure.
In conclusion, the collection of “tire sort” is a basic side of the unit’s perform inside the Toyota RAV4. The precise designation instantly impacts operational capabilities, security parameters, and essential upkeep protocols. Comprehending these attributes empowers automobile homeowners to successfully handle tire-related emergencies, minimizing disruptions and mitigating potential dangers. The problem stays in educating drivers in regards to the distinctive traits and limitations of every “tire sort,” selling accountable utilization and maximizing security on the highway.
Continuously Requested Questions
The next part addresses frequent inquiries concerning the alternative wheel meeting for the Toyota RAV4, offering important info for homeowners and potential patrons.
Query 1: What sorts of alternative wheel assemblies can be found for a Toyota RAV4?
Substitute wheel assemblies for the Toyota RAV4 usually embrace full-size matching tires, momentary compact spares, and, in some situations, run-flat tires. The provision of every sort might fluctuate relying on the mannequin 12 months and trim degree. Full-size matching tires provide the benefit of regular driving capabilities, whereas momentary compact spares impose velocity and distance limitations. Run-flat tires enable for continued driving for a restricted distance after a puncture, albeit with lowered velocity.
Query 2: The place is the alternative wheel meeting usually positioned inside a Toyota RAV4?
The situation varies by mannequin 12 months and trim. Frequent areas embrace beneath the cargo space (accessed through a cable decreasing mechanism), contained in the cargo space, or mounted on the rear door. The under-vehicle location maximizes cargo area however exposes the tire to environmental parts. Inside storage offers safety however reduces cargo capability. Rear door mounting provides quick access however provides weight to the door.
Query 3: What’s the really useful inflation stress for a Toyota RAV4 alternative wheel meeting?
The really useful inflation stress is determined by the tire sort. Short-term compact spares usually require considerably greater stress (e.g., 60 PSI) in comparison with full-size matching tires (check with the automobile’s door placard or proprietor’s handbook for particular suggestions). Sustaining correct inflation stress is essential for security and optimum efficiency.
Query 4: How typically ought to the situation of a Toyota RAV4 alternative wheel meeting be inspected?
The alternative wheel meeting needs to be inspected at the least month-to-month, or extra ceaselessly if the automobile is subjected to harsh driving circumstances. The inspection ought to embrace a visible evaluation for injury (cracks, bulges, tread put on), a stress examine, and verification of the mounting {hardware}’s situation.
Query 5: What are the velocity and distance limitations when utilizing a short lived compact spare on a Toyota RAV4?
Short-term compact spares usually impose a velocity restrict of fifty mph (80 km/h) and a distance restrict of 70 miles (110 kilometers). Exceeding these limitations can compromise tire integrity and automobile security. The momentary unit needs to be changed with a regular tire as quickly as potential.
Query 6: What instruments are required to take away and set up the alternative wheel meeting on a Toyota RAV4?
The instruments required usually embrace a lug wrench, a jack, and, relying on the storage location, a specialised device for decreasing the tire (if saved beneath the automobile). It’s important to seek the advice of the proprietor’s handbook for particular device necessities and procedures.
Common inspection, correct inflation, and adherence to utilization pointers are essential for making certain the alternative wheel meeting’s reliability in emergency conditions.
The next part will delve into the precise procedures for altering a flat tire on a Toyota RAV4, offering a step-by-step information for homeowners.
Toyota RAV4 Spare Tire
Efficient utilization and conscientious upkeep of the unit are important for making certain preparedness throughout tire emergencies. The next steerage underscores key practices for Toyota RAV4 homeowners.
Tip 1: Confirm Presence and Accessibility. Verify the items presence and accessibility earlier than every prolonged journey. Guarantee all essential instruments, together with the lug wrench, jack, and any specialised decreasing mechanisms, are available and in practical situation. This proactive examine mitigates potential delays and frustrations throughout emergencies.
Tip 2: Adhere to Inflation Specs. Routinely examine and keep the really useful inflation stress. Short-term items usually require considerably greater pressures than commonplace tires. Seek the advice of the automobile’s placard or proprietor’s handbook for exact specs. Underneath-inflation can result in tire injury and compromised dealing with; over-inflation reduces traction and will increase the danger of blowouts.
Tip 3: Perceive Velocity and Distance Limitations. Acknowledge and strictly adhere to the velocity and distance limitations related to momentary compact items. Exceeding these limits may end up in tire failure and lack of automobile management. Substitute the momentary unit with a regular tire as quickly as sensible to revive optimum driving traits and security margins.
Tip 4: Often Examine for Harm and Degradation. Conduct routine visible inspections for indicators of harm, corresponding to cuts, bulges, sidewall cracks, or uneven tread put on. Publicity to daylight, excessive temperatures, and highway chemical substances can speed up deterioration. Substitute the unit if any indicators of compromise are detected.
Tip 5: Apply Removing and Set up Procedures. Familiarize your self with the elimination and set up procedures particular to the Toyota RAV4 mannequin. Apply these steps in a managed setting to develop proficiency and make sure the correct operation of all instruments and mechanisms. This preparedness minimizes delays and enhances security throughout roadside tire modifications.
Tip 6: Correctly Safe the Changed Tire. After putting in the unit, securely retailer the broken tire to forestall it from turning into a projectile within the occasion of an accident. Many RAV4 fashions have devoted storage compartments or tie-down straps for this objective. Failure to correctly safe the broken tire can pose a major security hazard.
Constant adherence to those practices ensures the unit’s readiness and maximizes its utility in tire-related emergencies, contributing to enhanced security and peace of thoughts.
The following conclusion will encapsulate the important thing takeaways and supply a abstract of greatest practices.
Conclusion
This text has explored varied sides of the toyota rav 4 spare tire, emphasizing its essential function in sustaining automobile operability throughout tire-related emergencies. Key features coated embrace location variations, inflation stress necessities, dimension compatibility issues, the significance of correct mounting {hardware}, situation monitoring protocols, elimination and set up procedures, momentary utilization limitations, and tire sort distinctions. Understanding these elements is paramount for making certain the protection and reliability of the automobile in unexpected circumstances.
The alternative wheel and tire meeting represents an important, but typically neglected, element of the Toyota RAV4’s security gear. Its performance relies upon not solely on its inherent design but in addition on the proprietor’s diligence in adhering to really useful upkeep and utilization practices. Prioritizing common inspections, sustaining correct inflation stress, and familiarizing oneself with the elimination and set up procedures are important steps towards preparedness. In mild of the potential hazards related to tire failures, accountable possession mandates a proactive method to the maintenance and deployment of the toyota rav 4 spare tire.
